Bariatric Surgery – Is it the best option for you?

Bariatric surgery (also called weight-loss surgery) has become a popular option for people who are drastically overweight. However, this is a radical approach to losing weight quickly, and it can lead to complications. On top of this, the patient is expected to make significant lifestyle changes, and while there are successes, permanent weight loss is still not guaranteed.

The surgery involves shortening the lengths of the valves in the stomach in different ways to reduce the amount of food you eat.

It contributes to weight loss in two ways:

1. By restricting the amount of food your stomach can hold
2. By preventing absorption of nutrients and calories

Bear in mind that there are several types of bariatric surgery. Options include gastric banding, gastric bypass, gastric plication, and sleeve gastrectomy. Each of these surgeries provides different results and is used for different reasons. 

THE IDEAL CANDIDATE

The ideal candidate for bariatric surgery has a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher (35 or more if an obesity-related comorbidity is involved, such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, or sleep apnea). The BMI indicator can also extend to include those with a BMI of 30 or higher with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes despite medical interventions and lifestyle modifications. Some candidates may prefer open surgery; however, the modern approach is to opt for laparoscopic surgery, where only small incisions are made on the body.

While this surgery can be lifesaving for some patients, it is important to consult a specialist to understand the potential benefits and risks. 

Here are some of the pros and cons of bariatric surgery 

Pros

Long-Term Weight Loss

Successful bariatric surgery leads to long-term weight loss. According to recent studies, over 90% of individuals who were severely obese were able to maintain their weight loss following surgery. Among those who were severely obese, over 80% of those individuals were able to maintain half of their body weight loss.

Improved Longevity

Several studies have shown that individuals who were severely obese and had bariatric surgery had a lower mortality risk than those who did not have surgery. One study found an 89% reduction in mortality through a 5-year period for individuals who underwent bariatric surgery compared to those who opted not to.

Bariatric surgery’s low mortality rate is noteworthy, especially considering the high risk of life-threatening conditions in severely obese individuals. The surgery effectively mitigates these risks.

Relief From Depression

Many people who suffer from obesity feel depressed due to negative body image and sub-par health. Even young adults who are obese find it difficult to socialize and take part in activities they once enjoyed. This can lead to depression and isolation. Losing weight through bariatric surgery can improve their overall mood and well-being.

Joint Pain Relief

Carrying around excess weight can lead to severe joint pain. Some patients who suffer from obesity are reported to have chronic pain or joint damage. The sudden weight loss following the surgery immediately relieves the strain and stress on the joints. It reduces the need for pain medications, and patients enjoy greater mobility.

Remission of Type 2 Diabetes

Bariatric surgery can cause remission in type 2 diabetes patients. Studies have shown that this allows patients to live free from insulin and glucose monitoring systems following surgery, sometimes up to 12 years in remission. There’s always a chance that diabetes can return if they don’t maintain their weight, diet, or lifestyle.

Cons

Like any surgery, there are risks associated with weight loss surgery. Up to 10% of patients have complications afterward. 

These can include:

• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Wound infections
• Abdominal hernias

More serious complications, though rare, include

• A blood clot traveling to the lungs 
• Leaks in the new surgical gut connections
• Bleeding ulcers
• Heart attacks

Additionally, post-surgery, patients may experience problems such as vitamin deficiencies or sagging skin, which require further surgeries. 

It’s important to consider your age; generally, older patients have more complications. It is also vital to factor in the experience of your surgeon.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

You should not go for Bariatric surgery if any of the following apply to you[3]:

• Severe Heart Failure
• Unstable Coronary Artery Disease
• End-stage Lung Disease
• Active Cancer Treatment
• Portal Hypertension
• Cognitive Decline